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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Veterinary bacteriology: information about important bacteria
Veterinary bacteriology


Species/Subspecies: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides
Category: Notifiable diseases and bacteria
Etymology: Genus name: fungus shaped.
Species epithet: similar to fungi.
Subspecies epithet: see Species epithet.
Significance:CBPP utrotades i de flesta europeiska länder runt år 1900, men sporadiska urbrott har förekommit i framför allt Italien, Portugal och Spanien. Det sista utbrottet rapporterades 1999 från Portugal. Sjukdomen medför idag mycket stora ekonomiska och sociala problem i Afrika.
  [Important]   
Taxonomy:
Phylum
Mycoplasmatota
Class
Mollicutes
Order
Mycoplasmatales
Family
Mycoplasmataceae 
Genus
Mycoplasma
Type Strain: PG1 = NCTC 10114.
Macromorphology (smell):
Mycoplasma mycoides  
Forms small and very typical umbonated colonies ("fried egg appearance"), which can be observed in a microscope.
Micromorphology: Very small and pleomorphic. Nonmotile.
Gram +/Gram -:G-, but is normally not gram stained because the cells will then be fragmented.
Metabolism: Facultatively anaerobic
Catalase/Oxidase:
Spec. Char.: Lacks a cell wall.
Special Media:
Disease:
HostsDiseaseClinical picture
Cattle, water buffalo and yakContagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)Fever, passivity, decreased milk production, rumination ceases, cough, difficulty in breathing, mucopurulent nasal flow, nasal congestion, curved back and weight loss. If the animal appears to become healthy, well-defined necrotic areas (so-called sequesters) can form in the lungs. These sequesters may contain live bacteria, which can spread to other animals if the general condition of the host animal deteriorates.
Virulence Factors: Adhesion proteins, which make it possible for these bacteria to adhere to the host cell and the enzyme L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, which makes it possible for these bacteria to transfer hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the host cell. The host cells will then die. Thus, in the presence of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide is formed when the enzyme converts glycerol-3-phosphate to glycerone phosphate.
Genome Sequence:
Acc-noStrainSize (bp)GenomeRef.
NC_005364 PG1T 1 211 703 1c + 0 Nr 85

16S rRNA Seq.:
Acc-noStrainNumber of NTOperonSequence similarityRef.
U26039 PG1T 1 523 99,3% Nr 86

Taxonomy/phylogeny:
Mycoplasma mycoides  
Seven species have been described within the revised genus Mycoplasma to which Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides belongs. Two of these species are divided into four subspecies. These species and subspecies belong to the so-called the mycoides group and they are closely related to mollicutes within the genus Spiroplasma. This genus contains many plant pathogens. See the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 38:2). Note that it is only for the mollicutes of the mycoides group that the letter M stands for Mycoplasma. For the other species, M means: Mesomycoplasma, Metamycoplasma, Mycoplasmoides or Mycoplasmopsis.
Legislation: CCPP is included in OIE's A-list of major animal diseases. The disease is in Sweden notifyable to the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
Comment:Based on whole genome sequencing, the taxonomy of mycoplasmas has recently undergone a comprehensive revision. The new taxonomy has now been introduced in VetBact. For some mollicutes (mycoplasmas), however, the names have not changed and this applies to members of the mycoides group. Read more about the revised taxonomy of the mollicutes under the Term list of VetBact and see also reference 164 below.
Reference(s): No. 164, 167
Link: Epiwebb - om epizootisjukdomar [in Swedish]
Updated:2023-03-15

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